Pedestrian Simulations Using Microscopic and Macroscopic Model

Pedestrians form an important component of a multi-modal transportation system. Planning and design of pedestrian amenities (multimodal points, airports, shopping malls, theaters etc) demand efficient, comfortable and safe walking operations for the pedestrians. Likewise, the movement of large numbers of people is important in many situations, such as the evacuation of a building, stadium in an emergency. Studies relating to pedestrian behavior and modeling is thus imperative. In contrast to vehicular movements, pedestrians interact continuously with other pedestrians and their surrounding infrastructure/environment, changing their direction and speed frequently. To represent this complex movement behavior of pedestrian, various models has been proposed; both microscopically and macroscopically . This paper is intended to review the emerging microscopic and macroscopic pedestrian model with emphasis to the social force model (Microscopic) developed by Helbing et al. and the NOMAD (microscopic), SimPed (Macroscopic) model developed by Hoogendoorn and his team at Delft University of Technology, Holland 4) 5) . Also this paper mention about the future study outline of authors for improving the exiting models based on the review.